Livedo reticularis

Livedo reticularis is the lace-like discolouration of the skin, seen commonly on the legs, arms and other parts of the body. This is due to reduced blood flow to the skin and can be caused by conditions like viral infections (eg. parvovirus), cold environments and NSAIDs (eg. Ibuprofen). It can be short lived and harmless.

• vascular

  Antiphospholipid syndrome

  Polycythemia rubra vera

  Disseminated intravascular coagulation [1]

• infection

  Viral infections eg. parvovirus

  Hepatitis C

  TB

  Syphilis [1]

• neoplasm

  Renal cell carcinoma

  Inflammatory breast cancer

  Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia [1]

• drugs

  Tetracycline antibiotics

  Chemotherapy drug

  Catecholamines (eg. adrenaline)

  Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (eg. ibuprofen) [1]

• iatrogenic

  Invasive vascular procedures such as arteriography

  Angioplasty

  Surgery [2]

• congenital

  Cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita [3]

• autoimmune

  Systemic lupus erythemous

  Polyarteritis nodosa

  Rheumatoid Arteritis [1]

• trauma

  Cold environments [4]

• endocrine/metabolic

  Pheochromocytoma crisis (rare) [5]

Source: DermNetNZ.org [1]

Livedo reticularis

Red lace-like distribution of the legs widely distributed

Source: DermNetNZ.org [1]

Livedo raemosa

Redness and mottled distribution on the leg in brown skin

references

[1] https://dermnetnz.org/topics/livedo-reticularis

[2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4952550/

[3] https://www.consultant360.com/articles/cutis-marmorata#:~:text=Livedo%20reticularis%20occurs%20sporadically%20in,)%2C%20is%20noted%20at%20birth.&text=CMTC%20typically%20affects%20one%20extremity,face%20also%20may%20be%20involved.

[4] https://www.dermcoll.edu.au/atoz/livedo-reticularis/

[5] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324494785_Livedo_reticularis_a_cutaneous_clue_to_an_underlying_endocrine_crisis

[6] https://www.mdedge.com/dermatology/article/164752/pigmentation-disorders/reticular-hyperpigmented-patches-indurated

[7] https://www.visualdx.com/visualdx/diagnosis/livedo+reticularis?diagnosisId=51877&moduleId=101